Research Guides: CPS Online Graduate Studies Research Paper (UNH Manchester Library): Acknowledgements

Sharing Our Knowledge

The research behind this guide was primarily done by the institutions listed below. To facilitate further access to information about writing papers and completing related assignments in your social sciences coursework, refer to these links, or, consult the resources cited in the individual text boxes that were used when the content was written or revised.

USC has generously encouraged other libraries to use or adapt the contents of their guide.

USC Libraries, University of Southern California
Academic Skills Program, University of Canberra
Department of Psychology Writing Center, University of Washington
Political Science/Law, Societies, and Justice/Jackson School of International Studies Writing Center, University of Washington
"How to Write a Paper in Scientific Journal Style and Format." Greg Anderson, Department of Biology, Bates College
The Institute for Writing and Rhetoric, Dartmouth College
The OWL (Online Writing Lab). Purdue University.
The Reading/Writing Center, Hunter College.
The Waldin Writing Center, Waldin University.
Web Center for Social Research Methods, Cornell University Office for Rsearch on Evaluation
Writing@CSU. Colorado State University.
The Writing Center. University of Kansas.
The Writing Center. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
The Writing Center. University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Writing Guide, Department of English, George Mason University.
Writing at the University of Toronto.
Writing Tutorial Services, Indiana University

Structur and Writing Style

Providing background information in the Introduction of a research paper serves as a bridge that links the reader to the topic of your study. But precisely how long and in-depth this bridge should be is largely dependent upon how much information you think the reader will need to know in order to fully understand the topic being discussed and to appreciate why the issues you are investigating are important.

From another perspective, the length and detail of background information also depends on the degree to which you need to demonstrate to your professor how much you understand the research problem. Keep this in mind because providing pertinent background information can be an effective way to demonstrate that you have a clear grasp of key issues and concepts underpinning your overall study. Don't try to show off, though! And, avoid stating the obvious.

Given that the structure and writing style of your background information can vary depending upon the complexity of your research and/or the nature of the assignment, here are some questions to consider while writing this part of your introduction:

Are there concepts, terms, theories, or ideas that may be unfamiliar to the reader and, thus, require additional explanation?
Are there historical elements that need to be explored in order to provide needed context, to highlight specific people, issues, or events, or to lay a foundation for understanding the emergence of a current issue or event?
Are there theories, concepts, or ideas borrowed from other disciplines or academic traditions that may be unfamiliar to the reader and which need further explanation?
Is the research study unusual in a way that requires additional explanation, such as, 1) your study uses a method of analysis never applied before; 2) your study investigates a very esoteric or complex research problem; or, 3) your study relies upon analyzing unique texts or documents, such as archival materials or primary documents like diaries or personal letters, that do not represent the established body of source literature on the topic.

Almost all introductions to a research problem require some contextualizing, but the scope and breadth of background information varies depending on your assumption about the reader's level of prior knowledge. Despite this assessment, however, background information should be brief and succinct; save any elaboration of critical points or in-depth discussion of key issues for the literature review section of your paper.

Background of the Problem Section: What do you Need to Consider? Anonymous. Harvard University; Hopkins, Will G. How to Write a Research Paper. SPORTSCIENCE, Perspectives/Research Resources. Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, 1999; Green, L. H. How to Write the Background/Introduction Section. Physics 499 Powerpoint slides. University of Illinois; Woodall, W. Gill. Writing the Background and Significance Section. Senior Research Scientist and Professor of Communication. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions. University of New Mexico.