Welcome to the UNH Library research guide for Census and demographic information! Here are a few things you should know before beginning your search for Census data.
The Decennial Census:
The decennial census is a constitutionally mandated count of the population of the U.S. which is conducted by the government every ten years. The count is used for apportioning Congressional seats, as well as many other purposes, such as demographic research, allocating funding, and informing public policy.
Historical Changes:
The Census has changed greatly over time.Though the first Census in 1790 did little more than count population, over the years it has grown to include many other types of information. Many questions and terminology (e.g. racial categories) have changed over time as well.
The Long Form and the American Community Survey (ASC):
Over time, Congress became concerned that there were too many questions. In 1940, the long form was created as a way of finding out more detailed information (for example, questions on income and educational attainment) from a sample of the population. The long form of the Census was sent to 1 in 6 households. The 2000 Census was the last time the long form was used. Since 2000, the American Community Survey has replaced the long form. The ACS is an ongoing survey of a sample population that provides us with detailed and more current information.
Household Pulse Survey (HPS)
Developed in 2020, the Household Pulse Survey was designed to deploy quickly and efficiently, collect data to measure how emergent issues are impacting U.S. households from a social and economic perspective, and disseminate that data in near real-time to inform federal and state action.
